Anadromous fish is the fish that return to their spawning rivers from the ocean at certain seasons for breeding in fresh water. The following seven anadromous species are listed as species which migrate into the NPAFC Convention Area.

Chum

Oncorhynchus keta	(Scientific name)
Chum salmon	(English name)
Shirozake	(Japanese name)
Yeoneo	(Korean Name)
Keta	(Russian name)

Chum salmon are the second most abundant species of Pacific salmon whose origin is in Asia and North America. The fish spawn in different types of streams and the fries migrate directly to the sea soon after emergence.

The immatures distribute themselves widely over the North Pacific Ocean, and the maturing adults return to the home streams in summer or autumn at various ages, usually from two through five years, and in some cases up to seven years. Individuals have been reported up to 108.8 cm in length and 20.8 kg in weight.

Oncorhynchus kisutch	(Scientific name)
Coho salmon	(English name)
Ginzake	(Japanese name)
Eunyeoneo	(Korean Name)
Kizhutch	(Russian name)

Coho salmon originate both in Asia and North America. The majority of coho mature during summer in their third year of life, having spent about four to six months in incubation and up to fifteen months rearing in fresh water followed by a sixteen-month growing period in sea water.

They usually arrive at their rivers of origin during late summer and autumn to spawn. The size of adult coho is variable with lengths ranging from 40-88 cm and weights from 1.2-6.8 kg.

Oncorhynchus gorbuscha	(Scientific name)
Pink salmon	(English name)
Karafutomasu	(Japanese name)
Gopsayeoneo	(Korean Name)
Gorbusha	(Russian name)

Pink salmon are the most abundant species of Pacific salmon and originate both in Asia and North America. Upon emergence, pink salmon fries migrate quickly to the sea and grow rapidly as they make extensive feeding migrations.

After eighteen months in the ocean, the maturing fish return to their river of origin to spawn. Maturing adults range from 45-55 cm in length and 1.0-3.3 kg in weight.

Oncorhynchus nerka	(Scientific name)
Sockeye salmon	(English name)
Benizake	(Japanese name)
Hongyeoneo	(Korean Name)
Nerka	(Russian name)

Sockeye salmon are the third most abundant species of Pacific salmon and originate both in Asia and North America. They exhibit a greater variety of life history patterns than other Pacific salmon. Typical juvenile anadromous sockeye utilize lake rearing areas for one to three years after emergence from the gravel, but some populations utilize stream areas for rearing and may migrate to sea soon after emergence.

They spend 1-4 years in the ocean before returning to fresh water to spawn in late summer and autumn. There is substantial size variation among populations. Some of the reported average sizes are 45-60 cm in length with weights of 1.6-3.2 kg.

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha	(Scientific name)
Chinook salmon	(English name)
Masunosuke	(Japanese name)
Wangyeoneo	(Korean Name)
Tshawytscha	(Russian name)

Chinook salmon are the largest of the Oncorhynchus spp. group and originate both in Asia and North America. Their life history includes broad variations.

"Stream-type" chinook are typical of Asian populations, who spend one or more years as fry or parr in fresh water before migrating to sea, perform extensive offshore oceanic migrations, and return to their natal river in the spring or summer several months prior to spawning.

"Ocean-type" chinook are typical of populations on the North American coast south of 56 °N, who migrate to sea during their first year of life, normally within three months after emergence, spend most of their ocean lives in coastal waters, and return to their natal river in the fall a few days or weeks before spawning. The mean length in the year of migration varies from 58 to 89 cm. The typical weight range of the chinook is 4.5 to 22.5 kg.

Oncorhynchus masou	(Scientific name)
Cherry salmon	(English name)
Sakuramasu	(Japanese name)
Simayeoneo	(Korean Name)
Sima	(Russian name)

Cherry salmon are one of the smallest in the Oncorhynchus spp. group, and originate only in Asia. Most of them mature at three or four years of age, after spending one or more years in rivers and one winter in the ocean.

They return to the natal river in March-May, spend the summer in the river, and move to headwaters for spawning in the fall.

Oncorhynchus mykiss	(Scientific name)
Steelhead trout	(English name)
Steelhead	(Japanese name)
Steelhead Songeo	(Korean Name)
Raduzhnaya forel	(Russian name)

Steelhead trout are sea-run types of rainbow trout, and originate in North America. Most of them remain in fresh water for 2-3 years, spend 2-3 years in the ocean, and return to the natal river to spawn. Some return to spawn for a second or third time.

The record size is 114 cm in length and 19.5 kg in weight.

How to distinguish: Steelhead have square-shaped tails.